The pass laws and the creation of homelands in the apartheid era drove landless male workers to the cape flats. As women, families and children migrated to join them, the Cape Flats became sprawling, vibrant uncontrolled townships. Today, the new South Africa has created regimented tin shack cities with electricity and running water to cater for the ever-increasing swell of humanity drawn to the economic opportunities of the city. Edition of 7.